Cardigan Bay / Bae Ceredigion
All Wales Marine Recorder database snapshot 2012-08-21-AllWalesSnapshot.zip
NE Ynys Lochtyn (New Quay)
Sublittoral fringe consists of boulders with Laminariaûdigitata.
Sublittoral fringe consists of boulders and cobbles with Laminaria digitata and pink coralline crusts.
Laminaria digitata and under-boulder fauna on sublittoral fringe boulders

Cardigan Bay / Bae Ceredigion
All Wales Marine Recorder database snapshot 2012-08-21-AllWalesSnapshot.zip
N of Carregifan (Aberporth)
Large boulders with dense Plocamium cartilagineum and Urticinaûfelina.
Boulder habitat on a slope between 2 and 5 m bcd. Changes were gradual, with very little algae at the maximum depth. Large Urticina felina throughout. Substantial numbers of large crustaceans amongst the boulders. Notable for lack of kelp forest.
Foliose red seaweeds on exposed lower infralittoral rock

Cardigan Bay / Bae Ceredigion
All Wales Marine Recorder database snapshot 2012-08-21-AllWalesSnapshot.zip
N end of Ynys Lochtyn (Aberporth)
Upper circalittoral bedrock and boulder slope with faunal turfûand foliose red algae.
Bugula has been removed from the species list for this record as more specific related taxa were also present, these are now marked as characterising. Upper circalittoral bedrock and boulders from 8 to 15 m bcd. The whole area had dense Flustra foliacea
Flustra foliacea and colonial ascidians on tide-swept exposed circalittoral mixed substrata

Inshore N of Ynys Lochtyn (Aberporth)
Sand scoured bedrock outcrops with Desmarestia viridis andûBalanus crenatus.
Severly sand scoured bedrock and boulders in the lower infralittoral with a dense cover of Desmarestia viridis and Balanus crenatus. There was rich red algal flora including Rhodomela confervoides, Plocamium cartilagineum, Polyides rotundus and Rhodymeni
Mixed kelps with scour-tolerant and opportunistic foliose red seaweeds on scoured or sand-covered infralittoral rock

Cwmtudu (New Quay)
Rock outcrop severely scoured by sand and dominated by red weeds.
Outcrop of bedrock from sand with severe sand scour. The most scoured rock had Balanus crenatus, Ahnfeltia plicata, Polyides rotundus and Furcellaria lumbricalis. The upward facing top of the outcrop was covered with Plocamium cartilagineum, Polysiphonia
Polyides rotundus, Ahnfeltia plicata and Chondrus crispus on sand-covered infralittoral rock

Carreg Walltog (New Quay)
Upper circalittoral large boulders and bedrock with Urticinaûfelina.
Lower infralittoral/upper circalittoral large boulders and bedrock with adjacent mobile sand. Faunal turf in patches away from scour and superabundant Urticina felina throughout. The tops of the boulders in shallower water were with algae but no kelp.
Mixed turf of bryozoans and erect sponges with Dysidia fragilis and Actinothoe sphyrodeta on tide-swept wave-exposed circalittoral rock

N of Carreg Ina (New Quay)
"Boulder, cobble plain in the circalittoral with Flustraûfoliacea."
Substratum of large cobbles/boulders, with occasional larger lumps of rock. Flustra foliacea and Alcyonium digitatum were noticable on the latter. Ophiothrix fragilis was scattered around stones and scrappy hydroids were observed on the upper surfaces.
Flustra foliacea on slightly scoured silty circalittoral rock

Off Carreg Gloyn (Aberaeron)
Boulder and cobble plain with sediment in upper circalittoralûwith sponges and hydroids.
Upper circalittoral boulder and cobble plain with silty sediment at 11 m bcd. Most upper surfaces of boulders with hydroids including Nemertesia antennina and bryozoans, particularly Cellepora pumicosa. Patches of Filograna implexa were in nodules approx
Flustra foliacea and colonial ascidians on tide-swept exposed circalittoral mixed substrata

E Cardigan Island (Cardigan)
Silty boulders and cobbles in a sand/mud matrix with hydroids andûSabellaria spinulosa.
Boulders and cobbles in a matrix of sand and mud and some low ridges of bedrock. Dense Sabellaria spinulosa covered the rock with patches of Flustra foliacea, Crisia spp. and Alcyonidium diaphanum. Sponges found sporadically and hydroids were scattered t
Sabellaria spinulosa encrusted circalittoral rock

N Cardigan Island (Cardigan)
Lower circalittoral silty bedrock with dense Molgulaûmanhattensis.
Lower circalittoral silty bedrock with dense ascidian bed, mainly Molgula manhattensis with Polycarpa scuba but also polyclinids and a few other solitary species. Stalked and encrusting sponge species present in low to moderate numbers and patches of den
Flustra foliacea, small solitary and colonial ascidians on tide-swept circalittoral bedrock or boulders

W Ceibwr Bay (Cardigan)
Bedrock with mixed red algae and Laminaria digitata on theûlower shore.
Bedrock ridges in the sublittoral fringe with a dense turf of red algae, Laminaria digitata and coralline crust. Dense Patella vulgata and Patella ulyssiponensis Red algal turf of Chondrus crispus, Lomentaria articulata, Laurencia pinnatifida, Polysiphon
Laminaria digitata on moderately exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock

Careg Aderyn (Cardigan)
Sublittoral fringe large boulders with Laminaria digitata andûcoralline crusts.
Very large boulders and steep bedrock in the sublittoral fringe with Laminaria digitata and a total cover of coralline crust, Corallina officinalis and other red algae.
Laminaria digitata on moderately exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock

SW Cardigan Island shore (Cardigan)
Sublittoral fringe bedrock with Laminaria digitata andûMastocarpus stellatus.
Sublittoral fringing bedrock with superabundant Laminaria digitata and abundant Mastocarpus stellatus. Semibalanus balanoides covered the rocks along with coralline crusts and Corallina officinalis. Hymeniacidon perleve was found in the crevices while ab
Laminaria digitata on moderately exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock

Foel y Mwnt (Cardigan)
Sublittoral fringe bedrock with Corallina officinalis andûAlaria esculenta.
This habitat was not well surveyed due to large swells and a high tide. The bedrock was dominated by abundant Semibalanus balanoides with common Laminaria digitata and Alaria esculenta. Superabundant Corallina officinalis covered the rock with small patc
Alaria esculenta and Laminaria digitata on exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock

E Aberporth (Aberporth)
Sublittoral fringe bedrock with Laminaria digitata and redûalgae.
Laminaria digitata, Corallina officinalis, coralline crusts on low lying bedrock adjacent to the sand. Dense Laurencia pinnatifida and Cystoclonium purpureum patches.

S of Aberaeron (Aberaeron)
Exposed boulder sublittoral fringe with laminarians and redûalgae.
Sublittoral fringe boulders and cobbles with frequent Laminaria hyperborea, Furcellaria lumbricalis, coralline crusts, Chondrus crispus and Sabellaria alveolata as a crust. Many Dendrodoa grossularia associated with the Sabellaria spp.
Mixed kelps with scour-tolerant and opportunistic foliose red seaweeds on scoured or sand-covered infralittoral rock

Porth Cardigan (centre of bay) (Cardigan)
Presence/absence data from four pooled grabs of cobbly ground at 25 m. Cobbles cemented by Sabellaria spinosa. Some Dendrodoa grossularia amd small spider crab.
Sabellaria spinulosa on stable circalittoral mixed sediment

Off N of Cemaes Head (Newport)
No sample possible - hard ground
Moderate energy circalittoral rock

N of Cwmtudu (New Quay)
Stones embedded in clay grab sample at 22 m
One third full grab sample of stones embedded in clay, 0.5 mm mesh. Antedon bifida and a Phaxus pellucidus present.
Sabellaria spinulosa on stable circalittoral mixed sediment

N of New Quay (Aberaeron)
Non-quantitative data from hard ground at 9 m
Presence/absence data from two pooled grabs from cobbly ground.
Moderate energy circalittoral rock

Inshore N of Aberaeron (Aberaeron)
Non-quantitative data from grab sample at 20 m
Presence/absence data from stoney ground. Sabellaria spinulosa, Pomatoceros triqueter and ascidians.
Sabellaria spinulosa on stable circalittoral mixed sediment

Offshore N of Aberaeron (Aberaeron)
Non-quantitative data from grab sample at 19 m
Presence/absence data from stoney ground. Pink calcareous algae.
Moderate energy circalittoral rock

Cardigan Bay SFC video 04 290197 (Cardigan)
Bedrock ridges and boulders with dense hydroids andûMolgula?/Polycarpa?
Bedrock ridges with boulders inbetween with dense turf of hydroids and Molgula?/Polycarpa?
Mixed faunal turf communities

Cardigan Bay SFC video 06 290197 (Cardigan)
"Bedrock ridges with Alcyonium digitatum, sponges and aûbyrozoan/hydroid turf."
Bedrock ridges with sediment in between. Alcyonium digitatum, sponges and a bryozoan/hydroid turf were present.
Tubularia indivisa on tide-swept circalittoral rock

Cardigan Bay SFC video 07 290197 (Cardigan)
"Bedrock boulders and cobbles with Tubularia indivisa, Flustraûfoliacea and sponges."
Bedrock boulders and cobbles with Tubularia indivisa, patches of Flustra foliacea and sponges. There was a turf of hydroids throughout and patches of pebbles with dense Pomatoceros triqueter.
Alcyonium digitatum with dense Tubularia indivisa and anemones on strongly tide-swept circalittoral rock

Countryside Council for Wales, HQ - Bangor
Cardigan Bay SAC
Boulders at the entrance to the cave @ 3 - 3.5m BSL. Foliose algae includes Cryptopleura ramosa and crustose corallines. Other species included Erythroglossum laciniatum, Hypoglossum hypoglossoides, Aglaophenia sp. and Laminaria sporelings. The algae Nac
Foliose seaweeds and coralline crusts in surge gully entrances

North of N.Q. Head
Gravelly sand, 20m BSL
Moerella spp. with venerid bivalves in infralittoral gravelly sand

Cei Bach, New Quay
Sargassum in the sublittoral fringe
Sargassum muticum on shallow slightly tide-swept infralittoral mixed substrata

Cei Bach, New Quay
Dense Sargassum (5000+ plants) on sublittoral fringe cobbles.
Sargassum muticum on shallow slightly tide-swept infralittoral mixed substrata

Cei Bach, New Quay
Sargassum on a sublittoral fringe scar of cobbles.
Sargassum muticum on shallow slightly tide-swept infralittoral mixed substrata

Cardigan Bay Zone 1, Newquay to Aberaeron
Small boulders and cobbles with mixed seaweeds and faunal turf
Dense foliose red seaweeds on silty moderately exposed infralittoral rock

Cardigan Bay Zone 1, Newquay to Aberaeron
Small boulders and cobbles with mixed red seaweeds
Dense foliose red seaweeds on silty moderately exposed infralittoral rock

Cardigan Bay Zone 1, Newquay to Aberaeron
Boulders, v.silty, with abundant faunal turf dominated by hydroids and bryozoans
Bryozoan turf and erect sponges on tide-swept circalittoral rock

Mixed coarse sediment dominated by algae
Mixed coarse sediment dominated by algae, notably Halidrys siliquosa. Occasional small boulders with same covering, not separately surveyed
Kelp and seaweed communities on sublittoral sediment

Small boulders, cobbles and pebbles with mixed faunal turf
Small boulders, cobbles and pebbles with mixed faunal turf dominated by hydroids and bryozoans. Silty sediment in between, not surveyed due to poor visibility

Heavily silted small boulders,cobbles and pebbles with abundant faunal turf
Heavily silted small boulders,cobbles and pebbles with abundant fauna dominated by hydroid and bryozoan turf. Sediment in between not surveyed

Cardigan Island
Bedrock with abundant hydroid and byrozoan turf
Bedrock with abundant hydroid and byrozoan turf. Patches of coarse sediment between, not surveyed
Mixed faunal turf communities

Cardigan Island
Low lying bedrock with abundant Mytilis edulis
Mytilus edulis beds with hydroids and ascidians on tide-swept exposed to moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock

Cardigan Island
Rock outcrops amongst muddy gravelly sediment
Mixed faunal turf communities

Coarse sediment with barnacles and Mytilus edulis
Circalittoral coarse sediment

Bedrock and boulders with faunal turf dominated by hydroids and bryozoans

Rocky reef and occasional boulders with abundant faunal turf, interspersed with occasional small areas of gravel
Bryozoan turf and erect sponges on tide-swept circalittoral rock

Rock outcrops amongst sediment with Mytilus edulis at very end of clip
High energy circalittoral rock

Rock outcrops with faunal turf

Rocky outcrops amongst coarse sediment. Larger outcrops with diverse faunal turf, smaller patches with Mytilus edulis
Mytilus edulis beds with hydroids and ascidians on tide-swept exposed to moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock

Caemas Head
Boulders with faunal turf dominated by Flustra foliacea
Boulders of varying sizes with patches of gravel between covered with faunal turf, mainly Flustra foliacea

Caemas Head
Bedrock and boulders with hydroid and bryozoan turf

Caemas Head
Boulders with abundant hydroid/bryozoan turf on coarse sediment

Boulders and cobbles with abundant hydroid/bryozoan turf
Bryozoan turf and erect sponges on tide-swept circalittoral rock

Rock outcrops, small boulders and cobbles with faunal turf

Boulders with Flustra foliacea and hydroid/bryozoan turf

Bedrock with abundant Flustra foliacea and Crissidae
Bedrock with abundant Flustra foliacea and Crissidae. Occasional muddy sediment patches (not surveyed)

Boulders and cobbles with faunal turf lying on gravelly sediment

Boulders and cobbles on silty sediment with mixed faunal turf

Boulders with faunal turf dominated by bryozoans
Boulders and cobbles with faunal turf dominated by bryozoans, mainly Crissidae and Flustra foliacea

Boulders with mixed faunal turf dominated by bryozoans

Cardigan Bay Area P
Cobbles and occasional small boulders with mixed faunal turf
Faunal and algal crusts on exposed to moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock

Cardigan Bay Area P
Small boulders and cobbles with sponges and hydroids
Faunal and algal crusts on exposed to moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock

Cardigan Bay Area P
Small boulders and cobbles with abundant faunal turf
Small boulders and cobbles with abundant faunal turf dominated by sponges, hydroids and Pentapora foliacea
Caryophyllia smithii and sponges with Pentapora foliacea, Porella compressa and crustose communities on wave-exposed circalittoral rock

Tiberus Reef, Ynys Lochtyn
Low lying reef superabundant in red algal turf, boulders/pebbles/sand interspersed in patches. Large rock blocks with wide gullies (2-3 metres wide) found with Laminaria hyperborea forest on tops in shallow water.
Laminaria hyperborea forest and foliose red seaweeds on tide-swept upper infralittoral mixed substrata

Mwnt
Patches of plumose anemones attached to small boulders, together with cobbles and pebbles, with many mobile species.
Circalittoral coarse sediment

Tiberus reef, Ynys Lochtyn
Rocky reef, short turf on sides, mainly bryozoan, hydroids and barnacels. Top of reef dominated by mixed red algae and some kelp. Many boulders and sheared rock lay around.
Foliose red seaweeds on exposed lower infralittoral rock

Ynys Lochtyn
Boulders and rocky reef in shallow water 4 -5 metres bsl, with understorey of red seaweed rising to kelp park/forest on ridge.
Laminaria hyperborea forest and foliose red seaweeds on tide-swept upper infralittoral mixed substrata

Ynys Lochtyn, nr. Llangrannog, south Cardigan Bay
Sandy patches with boulders and underlying rocks covered densely in mussel beds. Main species Maja squinado and Necora puber in large numbers all round
Laminaria hyperborea park and foliose red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower infralittoral rock

Ynys Lochtyn, New Quay, Cardigan Bay
Small boulders covered with brown and red seaweeds
Mixed seaweeds

West of N.Q. Head
Muddy sandy gravel
Pomatoceros triqueter with barnacles and bryozoan crusts on unstable circalittoral cobbles and pebbles

Target Rocks (Carreg Walltog) (New Quay)
"Supralittoral and upper littoral fringe bedrock with lichens,ûPrasiola stipitata and Littorina n
Prasiola has been removed from the species list for this record as more specific related taxa were also present, these are now marked as characterising. Supralittoral and upper littoral fringe bedrock with lichens, Prasiola stipitata in areas with bird g
Yellow and grey lichens on supralittoral rock

Target Rocks (Carreg Walltog) (New Quay)
Supralittoral bedrock with grey and yellow lichens
Supralittoral bedrock with yellow and grey lichens on the sheltered side of Target Rocks. Lichen flora are more diverse compared to the more exposed side
Yellow and grey lichens on supralittoral rock

Target Rocks (Carreg Walltog) (New Quay)
"Steep bedrock in the littoral fringe with Verrucaria maura,ûPelvetia canaliculata and Chthamal
Steep bedrock in the littoral fringe with Verrucaria maura, Littorina saxatilis, Chthamalus montagui and Pelvetia canaliculata.
Verrucaria maura and sparse barnacles on exposed littoral fringe rock

"Upper mid shore bedrock with Porphyra umbilicalis, Chthamalusûmontagui and Enteromorpha sp."
Upper and mid shore even bedrock slope with Porphyra umbilicalis. Littorina saxatilis and some Chthamalus montagui.
Verrucaria maura and sparse barnacles on exposed littoral fringe rock

"Steep rugged bedrock in mid eulittoral with barnacles, limpetsûand mussels."
Steep rugged mid eulittoral bedrock with Semibalanus balanoides and Chthamalus montagui covering much of the rock surface. Mytilus edulis and Patella vulgata were common with small patches of Sabellaria alveolata lower in this zone.
Sabellaria alveolata reefs on sand-abraded eulittoral rock

"Mid eulittoral bedrock slope with Fucus vesiculosus,ûSemibalanus balanoides, Mytilis edulis,
Patella has been removed from the species list for this record as more specific related taxa were also present, these are now marked as characterising. Even slope of bedrock in mid eulittoral with Semibalanus balanoides, lines of small mussels in cracks
Sabellaria alveolata reefs on sand-abraded eulittoral rock

Mid shore rockpool with coralline crusts and Corallinaûofficinalis.
Corallina has been removed from the species list for this record as more specific related taxa were also present, these are now marked as characterising. Mid shore small, shallow rockpool with coralline crusts and Corallina officinalis. Sagartia elegans
Coralline crusts and Corallina officinalis in shallow eulittoral rockpools

"Lower eulittoral bedrock with dense barnacles, mussels, corallineûalgae and Mastocarpus stellatus
Lower eulittoral steeply sloping even bedrock with a cover of barnacles, mussels and coralline algae. Patches of red algal turf and a few strips of sponge in crevices.
Corallina officinalis and Mastocarpus stellatus on exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

"Lower shore vertical walled gulley with barnacles, Sabellariaûalveolata and sponges."
Vertical walled gulley, approximately 3 m deep with a dense covering of Semibalanus balanoides and patches of Sabellaria alveolata. There were also some patches of coralline algae, anemones, and Halichondria panicea.
Sponges and shade-tolerant red seaweeds on overhanging lower eulittoral bedrock and in cave entrances

NE Ynys Lochtyn (New Quay)
Gently sloping bedrock with lichens dominated by Caloplaca marina. Ramalina patches found on the sheltered side of ridges. Used as a roost.
Yellow and grey lichens on supralittoral rock

NE Ynys Lochtyn (New Quay)
Upper littoral fringe with Verrucaria maura.
Gently sloping bedrock with dense Verrucaria maura and with occasional/rare Pelvetia canaliculata and many Littorina neritoides.
Verrucaria maura and sparse barnacles on exposed littoral fringe rock

Lower littoral fringe with Pelvetia canaliculata.
Sloping bedrock with Pelvetia canaliculata of limited extent.
Pelvetia canaliculata and barnacles on moderately exposed littoral fringe rock

Upper-eulittoral sloping bedrock with Fucus spiralis.
Gently sloping bedrock with dense Fucus spiralis and some barnacles.
Fucus spiralis on full salinity sheltered upper eulittoral rock

Mid-eulittoral bedrock with Chthamalus montagui and Fucusûvesiculosus.
Mid-eulittoral sloping bedrock with Chthamalus montagui, Patella vulgata and patches of dense Fucus vesiculosus.
Chthamalus spp. on exposed upper eulittoral rock

Lower eulittoral boulders and bedrock with Fucus serratus andûred algae.
The lower eulittoral consists of bedrock and very large stable boulders with Fucus serratus, Lomentaria articulata, Corallina officinalis and coralline crusts on the tops and sides.
Fucus serratus and red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

SW of Pwll Tro, Cemaes Head (Cardigan)
Abundant barnacles (Chthamalus montagui) on the vertical walls of cave tunnel, approx. 3.5 m acd. The site was dark and moist.
Littoral caves and overhangs

SW of Pwll Tro, Cemaes Head (Cardigan)
Cave wall with coralline crusts and barnacles.
Exposed cave wall to the back of the cave and also at the entrance (approx 2.5 - 3.5 m acd) with abundant coralline crusts, Chthamalus montagui and spirorbids sp. Actinia equina were scattered over the vertical wall along with scattered sponges - Halicho
Sparse fauna (barnacles and spirorbids) on sand/pebble-scoured rock in littoral caves

SW of Pwll Tro, Cemaes Head (Cardigan)
An overhang in cave entrance with sponges and coralline crusts.
An overhang in cave entrance, approx. 2 m acd. There were coralline crusts covering much of the wall along with barnacles. Patches of Halichondria panicea were present along with rare Clathrina and Hymeniacidon perleve. There were also scattered red alga
Sponges and shade-tolerant red seaweeds on overhanging lower eulittoral bedrock and in cave entrances

Cardigan Island Sound cave (Cardigan)
Vertical walls at cave entrance with sparse red algae andûbarnacles.
At the narrow, wave-surged entrance to a long cave with the seabed below chart datum, the vertical walls were covered by coralline crusts, Chthamalus montagui, Pomatoceros triqueter, Plumaria plumosa and Lomentaria articulata.
Sparse fauna (barnacles and spirorbids) on sand/pebble-scoured rock in littoral caves

Cardigan Island Sound cave (Cardigan)
Steep and vertical cave walls with dense Sabellaria alveolata.
Very steep and vertical bedrock in the middle of a 30 m cave above a seabed below chart datum. The non-cobble scoured rock was densely covered by Sabellaria alveolata (specimen) with spirorbids and sponges.
Faunal crusts on wave-surged littoral cave walls

Cardigan Island Sound (north cave) (Cardigan)
"Inner cave wall at 1.3 m acd with spirorbids, barnacles andûbryozoan crusts."
Inner cave wall at 1.3 m acd with common spirorbids and Chthamalus montagui, among which there were scattered Pomatocerous triqueter, Verruca stroemia and Sabellaria sp. There were also scattered bryozoan crusts, Urticina felina and some coralline crusts
Sparse fauna (barnacles and spirorbids) on sand/pebble-scoured rock in littoral caves

Cardigan Island Sound (north cave) (Cardigan)
"Just inside cave entrance vertical wall with barnacles, corallineûcrusts and Plumaria plumosa."
Just inside the cave entrance on vertical walls at approx. 1.3 m acd there were Chthamalus montagui and coralline crusts with scattered Plumaria plumosa, and sparse Palmaria palmata. This habitat was not surveyed in detail.

W Ceibwr Bay (Cardigan)
The zone from immediatly below cliff to a zone of Pelvetia canaliculata was characterised by Verrucaria maura with sparse grey, yellow and green lichens.

W Ceibwr Bay (Cardigan)
Steep shaded bedrock with Pelvetia canaliculata and Verrucariaûmaura.
Steep slate bedrock shaded by a cliff above was dominated by Pelvetia canaliculata and Verrucaria maura in the littoral fringe. Crevices and fisures held littorinids, with Hildenbrandia rubra in damper areas. Occasional plants of Fucus spiralis were pres
Pelvetia canaliculata and barnacles on moderately exposed littoral fringe rock

"Steep bedrock with barnacles, limpets and Porphyra umbilicalisûin the upper eulittoral."
Upper eulittoral steep bedrock with Chthamalus montagui, Semibalanus balanoides, Patella vulgata and Porphyra umbilicalis. A single small patch of Fucus spiralis on a platform.
Chthamalus spp. and Lichina pygmaea on steep exposed upper eulittoral rock

Upper shore small rockpools with coralline crust.
Small narrow rockpools on the upper shore with coralline crusts, Patella vulgata, small tufts of red and green algae and the copepod Tigriopus brevicornis.
Coralline crusts and Corallina officinalis in shallow eulittoral rockpools

Midshore steep bedrock with Semibalanus balanoides andûPatella spp.
Steep midshore bedrock with dense Semibalanus balanoides and Patella spp. Many small damp areas with coralline crusts and Corallina officinalis and Laurencia pinnatifida.
Semibalanus balanoides, Fucus vesiculosus and red seaweeds on exposed to moderately exposed eulittoral rock

Rockpools on the mid shore with coralline crusts and Patellaûulyssiponensis.
Mid shore shallow rockpools with coralline crusts and Patella ulyssiponensis. Some rockpools shaded under rock overhangs which also had shade-tolerant red algae.
Coralline crusts and Corallina officinalis in shallow eulittoral rockpools

Ceibwr Bay (Cardigan)
Steep bedrock in the supralittoral with Verrucaria maura andûCaloplaca thallincola.
Steep supralittoral bedrock dominated by dense Verrucaria maura and with sparse yellow and grey lichens. Caloplaca thallincola and Caloplaca marina most distinctive. Small areas of freshwater runoff supported Enteromorpha spp. and Lichina confinis was oc

Ceibwr Bay (Cardigan)
Lower littoral fringe bedrock with Verrucaria maura andûPelvetia canaliculata.
Steep bedrock in the lower littoral fringe with total cover by Verrucaria maura with a narrow band of Pelvetia canaliculata. Dense Littorina saxatilis and Littorina littorea in small pools.
Pelvetia canaliculata and barnacles on moderately exposed littoral fringe rock

Ceibwr Bay (Cardigan)
Midshore bedrock and boulders with Fucus spiralis andûSemibalanus balanoides.
Midshore bedrock was quite scoured by adjacent sand and boulders. Low rounded ridges were characterised by dense Fucus spiralis with Semibalanus balanoides and Patella vulgata beneath. Gullies and underboulders supported Littorina littorea and juvenile C
Fucus spiralis on exposed to moderately exposed upper eulittoral rock

Bedrock ridges with dense Semibalanus balanoides and Patellaûvulgata.
Rounded ridges of inclined slate, scoured by adjacent mixed substrates and dominated by Semibalanus balanoides and Patella vulgata. Fissures and crevices were exploited by a low, grazed turf of Laurentia pinnitifida and occaisional Ceramium spp. The base
Semibalanus balanoides, Fucus vesiculosus and red seaweeds on exposed to moderately exposed eulittoral rock

Lower eulittoral bedrock with Chondrus crispus and Fucusûserratus.
Low lying bedrock with dense Chondrus crispus, Fucus serratus, Polysiphonia fucoides and Laurencia pinnatifida. A reasonable variety of red algae in the turf and gastropods.
Fucus serratus and red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

Careg Aderyn (Cardigan)
Upper littoral fringe bedrock with Verrucaria maura andûLittorina saxatilis.
Upper littoral fringing bedrock with common Verrucaria maura encrusting the rock and Littorina saxatilis in the crevices. Verrucaria mucosa was also found in the damper areas.
Verrucaria maura on very exposed to very sheltered upper littoral fringe rock

Careg Aderyn (Cardigan)
Mid and upper eulittoral bedrock with Semibalanus balanoidesûand Mastocarpus stellatus.
Mid and upper eulittoral bedrock with common Semibalanus balanoides and frequent Mastocarpus stellatus. Patches of Ceramium shuttleworthianum were also present along with Corallina officinalis in the crevices.
Semibalanus balanoides, Fucus vesiculosus and red seaweeds on exposed to moderately exposed eulittoral rock

Lower shore boulder and bedrock with a red algal turf.
Boulders and bedrock on the lower shore with a turf of Corallina officinalis, Mastocarpus stellatus, Gastroclonium ovatum, Polysiphonia fucoides and coralline crusts. Fauna consists mainly of Semibalanus balanoides, Patella vulgata and Patella ulyssipone
Corallina officinalis and Mastocarpus stellatus on exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

Trwyn Carreg-ddu (Cardigan)
Bedrock ridges with grey lichens and Ramalina spp.
The top of the rugged bedrock ridges running perpendicular to the shore were covered with common grey lichens and frequent Ramalina spp. There vere also scattered patches of Xanthoria parietina and Verrucaria maura.

Trwyn Carreg-ddu (Cardigan)
Rugged ridged bedrock with superabundant Verrucaria maura.
The upper areas of the ridged bedrock were covered with a very dense layer of Verrucaria maura with frequent Littorina saxatilis in the crevices and fissures.
Verrucaria maura on very exposed to very sheltered upper littoral fringe rock

Trwyn Carreg-ddu (Cardigan)
Bedrock with Pelvetia canaliculata and Verrucaria maura.
Bedrock ridges with frequent Pelvetia canaliculata and Verrucaria maura.
Pelvetia canaliculata on sheltered littoral fringe rock

Bedrock ridges with superabundant Semibalanus balanoides.
Bedrock ridges covered with dense Semibalanus balanoides and frequent Patella vulgata. Verrucaria mucosa occured in patches on the rock.
Semibalanus balanoides, Patella vulgata and Littorina spp. on exposed to moderately exposed or vertical sheltered eulittoral rock

Craig y Gwbert (Cardigan)
Supralittoral steep bedrock with grey and orange lichens.
Steep and rugged bedrock with dense Caloplaca marina and grey lichens. Number of species poor.

Craig y Gwbert (Cardigan)
Upper shore bedrock with Verrucaria maura and Chthamalusûmontagui.
Steep and rugged bedrock with Verrucaria maura. At the top of the zone Chthamalus montagui was very sparse, becoming denser further down.
Chthamalus spp. on exposed upper eulittoral rock

Craig y Gwbert (Cardigan)
Rugged bedrock with dense Semibalanus balanoides and Patellaûvulgata.
Steep, rugged bedrock ridges in the mid shore with dense Semibalanus balanoides and Patella vulgata. Algae present in crevices.

Rockpools in the mid shore with coralline crusts andûPolysiphonia sp.
Mid shore deep narrow rockpools were characterised by coralline crusts with Polysiphonia sp., Ceramium sp. and limpets.
Fucoids and kelp in deep eulittoral rockpools

Lower shore bedrock with Fucus vesiculosus var linearis andûred algae.
Lower shore bedrock with dense algae - predominantly Fucus vesiculosus var linearis, Osmundia pinnatifida, Mastocarpus stellatus and Ceramium sp. Semibalanus balanoides and Patella vulgata present.

SW Cardigan Island shore (Cardigan)
Vertical bedrock in the supralittoral below a gull colony. Dense orange lichens Caloplaca thallincola and Xanthoria parietina but few other species.

SW Cardigan Island shore (Cardigan)
Very steep and vertical bedrock with littorinids and Chthamalusûmontagui.
Rugged bedrock in the littoral fringe with Verrucaria maura, Littorina saxatilis, Melaraphe neritoides and Chthamalus montagui. A few patches of Pelvetia canaliculata and Porphyra umbilicalis present on backs of rock ridges.

Rockpools on the upper shore with coralline crusts.
Small rockpools on a rugged upper shore with coralline crusts and Patella vulgata. Enteromorpha sp. predominantly around the rim of the pools and on the back of Patella vulgata.

Upper and mid eulittoral bedrock with Semibalanus balanoidesûand Fucus vesiculosus var linearis
Upper and mid eulittoral very steep bedrock with superabundant Semibalanus balanoides and abundant Melaraphe neritoides covering the rock surface. Fucus vesiculosus var linearis was attached to the rock along with Mastocarpus stellatus and Osmundia pinna

NW Cardigan Island (Cardigan)
Littoral fringe exposed bedrock with Verrucaria maura andûPrasiola stipitata.
Littoral fringe exposed bedrock with Verrucaria maura, Prasiola stipitata (under gull resting ledges) and small patches of yellow lichen.
Prasiola stipitata on nitrate-enriched supralittoral or littoral fringe rock

NW Cardigan Island (Cardigan)
Lower littoral fringe bedrock with Verrucaria maura andûLittorina neritoides.
Steep lower littoral fringe bedrock on an exposed shore with Verrucaria maura and Littorina neritoides. Some Littorina saxatilis in crevices.
Verrucaria maura on very exposed to very sheltered upper littoral fringe rock

NW Cardigan Island (Cardigan)
Upper eulittoral bedrock with Chthamalus montagui and Porphyraûumbilicalis.
Upper eulittoral bedrock with Chthamalus montagui and Porphyra umbilicalis.
Chthamalus spp. on exposed upper eulittoral rock

Small rockpool on mid-eulittoral bedrock with coralline crustsûand Patella ulyssiponensis.
Small rockpools in the mid-eulittoral with a lining of coralline crusts and a few tufts of Corallina officinalis. Patella ulyssiponensis abundant.

Deep rockpool on lower eulittoral exposed bedrock with mixedûkelps.
Deep cleft forming a rockpool in the lower eulittoral of an exposed shore with Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea, dense Corallina officinalis, coralline crusts and a variety of other algae. Patella ulyssiponensis common.
Fucoids and kelp in deep eulittoral rockpools

Vertical mid eulittoral exposed bedrock with Semibalanusûbalanoides and Corallina officinalis.
Mid-eulittoral vertical bedrock with dense cover of Semibalanus balanoides and extensive tufts of Fucus vesiculosus var linearis, and abundant Patella ulyssiponensis.
Semibalanus balanoides, Patella vulgata and Littorina spp. on exposed to moderately exposed or vertical sheltered eulittoral rock

Lower eulittoral vertical bedrock with Corallina officinalisûand Semibalanus balanoides.
Lower eulittoral vertical bedrock with almost complete cover of Semibalanus balanoides and a patchy tuft of Corallina officinalis. Other algae very sparse. Entermorpha spp. only on shells of Patella ulyssiponensis.
Corallina officinalis and Mastocarpus stellatus on exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

Foel y Mwnt (Cardigan)
Supralittoral bedrock with yellow and black lichens.
Very pitted bedrock with numerous fissures and crevices dominated by Verrucaria maura with extensive patches of frequent Lecanora altra and Caloplacca thallincola. Occasional Littorina neritoides were present in the pitted holes.

Foel y Mwnt (Cardigan)
Pitted bedrock with superabundant Verrucaria maura and Littorina neritoides in the crevices and holes.

Bedrock with Porphyra umbilicalis and Verrucaria maura.
Pitted bedrock with abundant Porphyra umbilicalis and Verrucaria maura. Hildenbrandia rubra and coralline crusts encrusted the wet areas on the rock while Littorina neritoides were found in the crevices and holes.

Mid eulittoral bedrock with barnacles and Fucus vesiculosus varûlinearis.
Sloping bedrock with superabundant Semibalanus balanoides and abundant Patella vulgata. Frequent Mytilus edulis were present in the crevices along with corraline crusts and Corallina officinalis. Fucus vesiculosus var linearis was common.

Hatling Bigni (Cardigan)
"Littoral fringe, exposed, steep bedrock with Verrucaria maura,ûLittorina saxatilis and Littori
Littoral fringe, exposed steep bedrock with Verrucaria maura, Littorina saxatilis and Littorina neritoides.

Hatling Bigni (Cardigan)
Upper eulittoral steep bedrock with Porphyra umbilicalis andûChthamalus montagui.
Steep and verical bedrock in the upper eulittoral with a zone of Porphyra umbilicalis and Chthamalus montagui. Small Littorina saxatilis in small crevices, Patella vulgata on open rock and patches of Verrucaria maura throughout.

Hatling Bigni (Cardigan)
Vertical exposed bedrock dominated by Semibalanus balanoidesûwith patchy Fucus vesiculosus var
Mostly vertical bedrock with a dense cover of Semibalanus balanoides and many very small limpets. Fucus vesiculosus in scattered tufts.

"Very steep and vertical, exposed bedrock dominated byûSemibalanus balanoides and Corallina offic
Mostly vertical bedrock with a dense cover of Semibalanus balanoides and Corallina officinalis with small pieces of Alaria esculenta and Laminaria digitata. More Laminaria digitata visible about 0.5 m below water, and not exposed on this tide. Other alga
Semibalanus balanoides on exposed to moderately exposed or vertical sheltered eulittoral rock

E Aberporth (Aberporth)
Steep bedrock with Verrucaria maura and Littorina saxatilis.
Steep pitted shaley bedrock with thin Verrucaria maura and many Littorina saxatilis and Littorina neritoides in the crevices.

E Aberporth (Aberporth)
Bedrock dominated by Semibalanus balanoides and Littorinaûsaxatilus.
Steep bedrock with lots of pits with dense Semibalanus balanoides and Littorina saxatilis in the crevices. A few very stunted Pelvetia canaliculata plants.

"Bedrock with Mytilus edulis, barnacles and Gelidium pusillum."
Broad bedrock ridges with patchy Mytilus edulis and Semibalanus balanoides with dense tufts of Gelidium pusillum and Fucus spiralis.
Fucus spiralis on exposed to moderately exposed upper eulittoral rock

Midshore bedrock with Sabellaria alveolata and Laurenciaûpinnatifida.
Bedrock gullies with Sabellaria alveolata around the bases with Laurencia pinnatifida growing on the end of the reef. Corallina officinalis, coralline crusts, Littorina littorea and Gibbula umbilicalis were dense in pools and wet patches.
Sabellaria alveolata reefs on sand-abraded eulittoral rock

"Level bedrock with Mytilus edulis, Enteromorpha spp. andûFucus vesiculosus var linearis."
Extensive bedrock platform with Mytilus edulis, Fucus vesiculosus var linearis with clear patches with dense Semibalanus balanoides. Mytilus edulis often covered by Enteromorpha spp. or Palmaria palmata.
Mytilus edulis and Fucus vesiculosus on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock

"Shallow, mid-eulittoral bedrock rockpool dominated by Corallinaûofficinalis."
50 cm deep bedrock rockpool in the mid eulittoral zone with superabundant Corallina officinalis, common Ulva spp. and Dictyota dichotoma. The rocks were encrusted with coralline crusts, Patella ulyssiponensis, Semibalanus balanoides and Pomatoceros triqu
Fucoids and kelp in deep eulittoral rockpools

Bedrock ridges on the lower shore with Mytilus edulis andûFucus serratus.
Bedrock ridges with dense Mytilus edulis and Enteromorpha spp. and Fucus serratus. Very patchy community with damp area with Corallina officinalis and coralline crusts.
Mytilus edulis, Fucus serratus and red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

W Tresaith (Aberporth)
Steep fissured bedrock with Littorina saxatilis.
Tops of rugged bedrock stacks, highly pitted and fissured. Rock mainly bare and dark grey (not obviously Verrucaria maura but possibly could be). Littorina saxatilis (and possibly Melaraphe neritoides) very common in the irregularities of the rock. Scatt

W Tresaith (Aberporth)
Steep fissured bedrock dominated by mussels and barnacles.
Sloping and stepped bedrock dominated by barnacles Semibalanus balanoides especially on the vertical faces. Dense patches of Mytilus edulis mainly on the sloping faces. Limpets and dogwhelks (Patella vulgata and Nucella lapillus) also common. Tiny rock p
Mytilus edulis and barnacles on very exposed eulittoral rock

Cwmtydu Headland (New Quay)
"Steep bedrock dominated by Verrucaria maura, Caloplaca marinaûand Pelvetia canaliculata."
Steep bedrock dominated by superabundant Verrucaria maura and common Caloplaca marina with frequent Pelvetia canaliculata plants. A patch of Enteromorpha intestinalis was present near freshwater influence.
Pelvetia canaliculata on sheltered littoral fringe rock

Cwmtydu Headland (New Quay)
Steep bedrock with abundant Semibalanus balanoides andûoccasional Fucus vesiculosus.
Steep bedrock with abundant Semibalanus balanoides, frequent Patella vulgata and occasional patches of Fucus vesiculosus. There were also a wide variety of Rhodophyta in small patches over the bedrock.
Semibalanus balanoides, Patella vulgata and Littorina spp. on exposed to moderately exposed or vertical sheltered eulittoral rock

Cwmtydu Headland (New Quay)
Exposed bedrock with Fucus vesiculosus var. linearis andûFucus serratus.
Exposed, well scoured bedrock with abundant Fucus vesiculosus var. linearis and Fucus serratus. Frequent Elachista sp. grew on the Fucus vesiculosus var. linearis. Under the fucoids was common Audouinella sp. binding some sediment and other red algae gre
Fucus serratus and red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

"30m long cave with scoured base and dominated by Hildenbrandiaûrubra, Verrucaria mucosa and Se
A 30m long cave with a scoured base and crevices and fissures dominated by Mytilus edulis and coralline crusts. About 1m up from the cave floor there were common Semibalanus balanoides with Hildenbrandia rubra and Verrucaria mucosa dominating in the zone

S of Aberaeron (Aberaeron)
Exposed rugged bedrock with Porphyra linearis and Verrucariaûspp.
Vertical bedrock with a narrow band of Porphyra linearis in the upper littoral fringe with Verrucaria spp. (probably not present later in the year).

S of Aberaeron (Aberaeron)
Exposed rugged bedrock with Chthamalus montagui and Patellaûvulgata.
Zone of vertical and steep bedrock with Chthamalus montagui and Patella vulgata. Biotope merges with a Semibalanus balenoides zone further down the shore.

Exposed rugged bedrock with Semibalanus balanoides and Patellaûvulgata.
Bedrock on mid shore with dense Semibalanus balanoides and Patella vulgata. Small damp crevices provided refuge for some algae.

Mid shore shallow rockpools with Corallina officinalis.
Long shallow rockpools in the mid shore with Corallina officinalis and coralline crusts. Dense film of diatoms in the deeper parts of pools (>10cm depth).

Exposed lower eulittoral bedrock with Corallina officinalis andûbarnacles.
Lower eulittoral bedrock ridges with bleached Corallina officinalis, Semibalanus balanoides and coralline crusts on the open rock. Numerous species in the many fissures and crevices.
Corallina officinalis, Himanthalia elongata and Patella ulyssiponensis on very exposed lower eulittoral rock

Countryside Council for Wales, HQ - Bangor
Cardigan Bay SAC
Barren boulders and cobbles on cave floor
Mobile, barren boulders and cobbles on the cave floor @ 1.3 - 2.9m BSL. Necora puber and large prawns, Caridea indet.. Depths for habitat calculated from drawings provided.
Barren and/or boulder-scoured littoral cave walls and floors

Countryside Council for Wales, HQ - Bangor
Cardigan Bay SAC
Scoured lower cave walls with Spirorbidae and encrusting sponges.
Vertical, scoured bedrock walls deep in cave @ 0 - 2.7m BSL, encrusted by Spirorbidae and sponges. Encrusting sponges and Polydora tubes deep in the cave. The encrusting sponges were yellow and orange. Depths for habitat calculated from drawings provided

Upper walls deep in the cave @ 0 - 1.7m BSL. Dendrodoa, Spirorbidae and encrusting sponges. Depths for habitat calculated from drawings provided.
Sponges, bryozoans and ascidians on deeply overhanging lower shore bedrock or caves

Intertidal cave walls with sparse barnacles
Large Semibalanus balanoides very sparsely distributed on the intertidal rock of the cave walls, @ 0 - 0.5m ASL. Algal film also present. Depths for habitat calculated from drawings provided.
Semibalanus balanoides on exposed to moderately exposed or vertical sheltered eulittoral rock

Upper walls at entrance of cave with encrusting sponges
Upper cave walls at the entrance of the cave @ 0 - 3.5m BSL. A turf of encrusting sponges with patches of Dendrodoa grassularia and Pollydora Tubes adorning walls. Conspicuous species of sponge included Aplysilla sulphura and Aplysilla rosea plus yellow
Sponges, bryozoans and ascidians on deeply overhanging lower shore bedrock or caves

Overhanging and vertical walls of cave with biotic films
Vertical and overhanging walls at the rear of the cave @3 - 6m ASL. Biotic films and sparse Actinia equina on the bedrock.
Barren and/or boulder-scoured littoral cave walls and floors

Wall towards the rear of the cave with a thin mat of fuzzy algae, sparse barnacles and Actinia equina @ 2 - 3m ASL.
Audouinella purpurea and Cladophora rupestris on upper to mid-shore cave walls

Wall of cave, @1.5 - 5m ASL, with abundant Actinia equina, sparse Semibalanus balanoides, Littorina saxtilis and Ovatella.

Lower cave walls and boulder floor with crustose corallines and Sabellaria
Boulder floor and lower walls (on south side) of the cave @ 1 - 2.5m ASL. Dominated by crustose corallinaceae and Sabellaria sp. Barnacles and limpets were also present in low abundance.

Scoured lower walls of cave with limpets and barnacles
Scoured lower walls of the cave @ 0 - 3m ASL. Species include Patella vulgata, sparse Semibalanus balanoides spats with occasional patches of crustose corallinaceae.
Semibalanus balanoides on exposed to moderately exposed or vertical sheltered eulittoral rock

Dense Semibalanus balanoides on the cave walls, @ 1 - 5m ASL, encrusted by patches of crustose corallinaceae. Some Patella vulgata and Actinia equina were present.

Green Verrucaria and limpets in the upper littoral
Bedrock walls of cave @ 3 - 6m ASL, with green Verrucaria patches and limpets. Also small patches of Catanella caespitosa were a feature but only near the entrance to the cave.
Verrucaria mucosa and/or Hildenbrandia rubra on upper to mid shore cave walls

Cave roof with green algal film and patches of green lichen
Green algal film and green Verrucaria patches on the roof of the cave. @ 8 - 12m ASL.
Verrucaria mucosa and/or Hildenbrandia rubra on upper to mid shore cave walls

Bedrock floor and roof at far end of cave
Thin biotic film covering the rock surface at the far end of a long thin cave passage @ 3m BSL. All surfaces were very scoured, adjacent floor area with rounded cobbles and pebbles. Cracks and crevices with small patches of sponge, Actinia equina and a f
Barren and/or boulder-scoured littoral cave walls and floors

Cave walls and boulder floor, partially scoured
Partially scoured cave walls and boulders @ 2m BSL. Starts 10m from the back end of the cave out to approximately 34m back on the mid-lower walls and boulder floor. Crust of Spirorbis sp. patches of sponge, Tubularia indivisa, Actina equina and small Sag

Rock walls and large boulder floor with short faunal turf
Walls of cave and floor of large boulders with short faunal turf @ 6m BSL. Turf comprising sponges, hydroids, anemones and bryozoan crusts. Some scour action and signs of surge: patches of dense Tubularia spp., Porophora, Sagartia elegans and Aplysilla s

Bedrock walls of cave, near entrance, with short faunal turf
Short faunal turf on bedrock walls of area near the entrance of cave @ 5.5m BSL.Patches of branching Haliclona oculata, encrusting sponges, Sagartia elegans and encrusting bryozoans.
Faunal crusts on wave-surged littoral cave walls

Rear bedrock walls of cave with biotic films
Biotic/algal films at the rear of the cave, survey of littoral habitat. Spiders nests apparent in the roof of the cave showing the presence of indeterminate spiders. Black fuzz of lichen at about head height. Also present were Red mites. Depths for habit

Very clean cobble beach @ upper shoreline. Depths for habitat calculated from drawings provided.

Bedrock cave wall with barnacles and coralline crusts.
Barnacles and corralline crusts on cave wall, above shoreline @ 0 - 5m ASL. Specimens of a very small mollusc and other mobile molluscs.

Cave walls with superabundant Semibalanus balanoides
Bedrock walls of cave, @ 0 - 5m ASL, with superabundant Semibalanus balanoides, limpets and coralline crusts. Depths for habitat calculated from drawings provided.

Boulders with thin crust of Sabellaria alveolata
Sabellaria alveolata crusts on large stable boulders in entrance to the cave @ 2.5 - 5m BSL. Other species included small Phyllophora trailli, spirorbids and barnacles. Depths for habitat calculated from drawings provided.

Vertical wall of bedrock near cave entrance @ 0 - 6m BSL. Species present include Dendrodoa and spirorbids.
Sponges, bryozoans and ascidians on deeply overhanging lower shore bedrock or caves

Lower circalittoral large and small boulders on sand with bryozoans and hydroids
A level seabed of sand (habitat 2) in the lower ciralittoral with scattered large and small boulders. Boulders dominated by bryozoan turf with some hydroid species, though very few sponges.
Sparse sponges, Nemertesia spp. and Alcyonidium diaphanum on circalittoral mixed substrata

Carreg Walltog
Infralittoral Mytilus-covered bedrock with sparse red algae and kelp
Bedrock 'wedges' completely covered in dense Mytilus edulis, Urticina felina and patches of Sabellaria spinulosa. Sparse red algae, mainly Cystoclonium purpureum, Polysiphonia spp., Polyides rotundus and Gymnogongrus crenulatus. Also sparse kelp reaching
High energy infralittoral rock

Infralittoral large cobbles and rocks at 7m bsl. with anemones.

Infralittoral large cobbles and rocks at 7m bsl with Hydroids and red algae.

Infralittoral boulders and large cobbles at 11m bsl. with Nertesia and other Hydroids

Infralittoral boulders and large cobbles at 6m bsl. with red algae.

Infralittoral boulders and large cobbles at 11m bsl. with hydroids and red algae.

Infralittoral boulders and large cobbles at 12-14m bsl. with Hydroids and red algae.

Infralittoral boulders at 10m bsl. with red algae.

Circalittoral rocks and cobbles at 20m bsl. with Nemertesia nad Alcyonium.

Circalittoral large boulders at 17m bsl. with Flustra and Hydroids.

Circalittoral boulders at 22m bsl. with Hydroids and Asteroides.

Circalittoralgravel and boulders at 20m bsl. with hydroids, Asteroides and anemones.

Circalittoral boulders at 17m bsl. with Hydroid turf.

Circalittoral boulders at 15m bsl. with hydrois turf and asteroides.

Circalittoral large boulders at 15m bsl. with hydroids and Alcyonium.

Circalittoral boulders at 15m bsl. with Hydroids.

Circalittoral gravel and coarse sand at 16m bsl. with Anemones and hydrois turf.

Circalittoral large cobbles at 13m bsl. with Alcyonium and Flustra.

Aberporth Rockpools Mid shore

Aberporth Rockpools Mid shore
Depth (cms) 103 (cms 140(m2) 0.6 present

Aberporth Rockpools Mid shore
Depth (cms) 11 (cms 185(m2) 1 present

Depth (cms) 8 (cms 130(m2) 1 present

Depth (cms) 16 (cms 240(m2) 1 present

Depth (cms) 17 (cms 122(m2) 0.5 present

Aberporth Rockpools Upper shore
Depth (cms) 21.5 (cms 360(m2) 0.7 and Gravel present

Aberporth Rockpools Upper shore
Depth (cms) 24 (cms 180(m2) 1

Aberporth Rockpools Upper shore

Depth (cms) 16 (cms 150(m2) 1

Ynys Lochtyn, New Quay, Cardigan Bay
Rock with mussel bed and seaweeds
Mytilus edulis, Fucus serratus and red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

C REEF 3 off Ynys Lochan
Infralittoral mussels on steep/vertical bedrock with brown and red algae.
Infralittoral steep/vertical bedrock dominated by abundant mussels (Mytilus edulis), various algae including Desmarestia ligulata, Desmarestia aculeata, Polysiponia fucoides (?), Ceramium nodulosum, and dahlia anemones Urticina felina.
High energy infralittoral rock

Mobile boulders and cobbles with Enteromorpha sp. and barnacleûspat.
Mobile rounded boulders and cobbles with very little growth apart from thin Enteromorpha sp. and dense barnacle spat.
Enteromorpha spp. on freshwater-influenced and/or unstable upper eulittoral rock

NE of Ynys Lochtyn (Aberporth)
Lower circalittoral sparse cobbles on mobile sediment withûepifaunal turf.
Lower circalittoral sparse cobbles and small boulders with a variety of turf-formimg species including Alcyonium digitatum, Flustra foliacea, Cellaria sp., Tubularia indivisa, Alcyonidium diaphanum, Alcyonidium parasiticum and a few boulders covered with
Flustra foliacea and Hydrallmania falcata on tide-swept circalittoral mixed sediment

Barren cobbles on cave floor @ 5m BSL, with a few errant scavengers.

Circalittoral large cobbles, rocks and silt layer at 15m bsl. with Alcyonium and hydroids.

Rockpool in the littoral fringe with green algae.
Rockpool in the crevice of sloping bedrock in the littoral fringe with dense Enteromorpha spp. and other green filamentous algae.
Green seaweeds (Enteromorpha spp. and Cladophora spp.) in shallow upper shore rockpools

Mobile boulder and cobble slates with reduced fauna.
Mobile boulder and cobble slates with a reduced fauna due to mobility and scour.

Circalittoral shell gravel and coarse sand

Circalittoral cobbles and shell at 21m bsl. with N. ramosa and Hydroids.

Barren shingle floor of cave, towards rear.
Barren shingle floor of the cave from the middle to the rear of the cave's length @ 0 - 4m ASL. No obvious biota present.

C REEF 4
Level seabed of mixed sediments in the upper circalittoral at 6-7m depth (bcd)
Level seabed of a mix of small boulders, cobbles, pebbles and gravel dominated by sponges (especially Halichondria bowerbanki and Esperiopsis fucorum) and foliose red algae (including Plocamium cartilagineum, Heterosiphonia plumosa and Calliblepharis cil

Circalittoral rocks, cobbles and coarse sand at 20m bsl. with Alcyonium, Nemertesia and Flustra.

Circalittoral boulders, cobbles and gravel at 23m bsl. with Flustra and Nemertesia.

Circalittoral boulders, cobbles and gravel at 20m bsl. with Hydroids and Nemertesia.

C38 IN/OUT - offshore from Llangranog
Circalittoral cobbles on mixed sediment with sponges, hydroids, bryozoans and burrowing infauna
Circalittoral cobbles on mixed sediment with scattered large Alcyonium digitatum, Pentapora foliacea and patches of sponge on larger stones. Also hydroid turfs of mainly Halecium halecinum and Kirchenpauria pinnata. Abundant small crustaceans under stone
Caryophyllia smithii and sponges with Pentapora foliacea, Porella compressa and crustose communities on wave-exposed circalittoral rock

Cobbles and pebbles with mixed red seaweeds and Pomatoceros
Cobbles and pebbles with mixed red seaweeds and Pomatoceros,with many Anemonia viridis
Infralittoral coarse sediment

"Bedrock, cobbles and gravel with Fucus spiralis. "
At the base of the bedrock ridges and on the cobbles, pebbles and gravel was common Fucus spiralis with frequent Littorina saxatilis. On some of the larger rocks and bedrock were patches of sand bound with Audouinella spp.
Fucus spiralis on full salinity upper eulittoral mixed substrata

Upper circalittoral mixed sediments with hydroids, bryozoans and sponges
Level seabed at 13.7m bsl consisting of mixed sediments (primarily cobbles) covered by silt. Smaller fractions dominated by Alcyonidium diaphanum, with larger fractions (i.e. cobbles and small boulders) with various sponges, bryozoans, hydroids and soft
Flustra foliacea and colonial ascidians on tide-swept exposed circalittoral mixed substrata

Circalittoral rocks, cobbles, pebbles and silt at 14m bsl. with Alcyonium.

Circalittoral boulders, rocks and sand at 16, bsl. with Flustra and Hydroids.

Mixed sediment with red seaweeds. Very occasional small boulders (not surveyed)
Infralittoral mixed sediment

C Test 16
Circalittoral boulders & cobbles with conspicuous sponges and bryozoans on muddy sand
Loosely aggregated boulders and cobbles on slight rise of muddy sand over sub-surface clay. Conspicuous sponge community (Tethya, Suberites ficus) and bryozoans (incl. Bowerbankia). Locally, Metridium senile clustered on rocks. Numerous Liocarcinus depur

"Bedrock, cobbles and gravel with Fucus vesiculosus and patchesûof Enteromorpha intestinalis."
At the base of the bedrock ridges and on the cobbles and gravel in between was abundant Fucus vesiculosus with patches of Enteromorpha intestinalis on the sand. Littorina littorea, Littorina saxatilis and Porphyra spp. were also present, while occasional
Fucus vesiculosus on full salinity moderately exposed to sheltered mid eulittoral rock

Upper circalittoral mixed substrata with sponges, bryozoans and crustacean burrows
Level seabed in the upper circalittoral of cobbles and pebbles and a small amount of gravel. Larger cobbles dominated by a diverse sponge fauna including Suberites carnosus, Cliona celata, Esperiopsis fucorum and Dysidea fragilis, though all in low abund

Cardigan Bay 38 Offshore, west of Newquay
Circalittoral mixed sediment

Cardigan Bay Area A
Mixed sediment of cobbles, pebbles, gravel and sand. Occasional small boulders. Sparse fauna of Alcyonium, Urticina and bryozoan crusts
Circalittoral mixed sediment

Ynys Lochtyn, New Quay, Cardigan Bay
Boulders with mussels and floral and faunal bed
Large boulders, mostly angular, with mussel beds and animal turf
Mytilus edulis, Fucus serratus and red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

Mainly cobbles on sediment with faunal turf
Circalittoral mixed sediment

Circalittoral cobbles and coarse sand at 8m bsl. with brown algae.

Infralittoral small cobbles and gravel at 19m bsl. with Worm tubes and hydroids.

Circalittoral boulders and gravel at 19m bsl. with Flustra and Alcyonium.

Circalittoral cobbles and gravel at 20m bsl. with Hydroid turf.

Boulders with mussels and floral and faunal turf
Gently sloping sand with boulders covered in short animal turf, mermaids tresses and wrack

Circalittoral cobbles, sand and silt at 18m bsl. wtih hydroids, sponges and Flustra.

Circalittoral cobbles and pebbles at 25m bsl. with Alcyonium and hydroid turf.

Coronation Drive, Gwbert (Cardigan)
Lower estuary upper shore cobbles with Fucus spiralis.
Bank of cobbles at the top of the shore densely covered by Fucus spiralis with amphipods under the cobbles.
Fucus spiralis on sheltered variable salinity upper eulittoral rock

Cobbles and pebbles in a muddy gravel matrx with few species.
Cobbles and pebbles in a muddy gravel matrix with few epifaunal species.
Flustra foliacea and Hydrallmania falcata on tide-swept circalittoral mixed sediment

T14 vid in/out off Aberaeron
Boulders and cobbles with Pentapora foliacea, sponge crusts and hydroid/bryozoan turf
Near level seabed of boulders and cobbles on gravelly sandy sediment. Most conspicuous fauna was Pentapora foliacea, with bryozoans and sponge crusts, some erect sponges (Raspailia ramosa and Stelligera stuposa), encrusting ascidians, and hydroids (Nemer

Circalittoral cobble ground at 15-18m with Molgula turf & Alcyonidium
Circalittoral sand-scoured, slightly silty, cobbles, pebbles and gravel on sandy ground with some mud and an underlying mud layer apparent in places. In 15-18m (bsl) depth with superabundant Molgula manhattensis covering most hard surfaces. Some evidence
Molgula manhattensis with a hydroid and bryozoan turf on tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock

Brittlestar beds on sublittoral mixed sediment

Cardigan Bay 38 Offshore, west of Newquay
Circalittoral mixed sediment with Alcyonium digitatum
Circalittoral mixed sediment with Alcyonium digitatum and hydroids

Mixed sediment
Infralittoral mixed sediment

Cobbles and pebbles with mixed faunal turf
Infralittoral mixed sediment

Cardigan Reef, Newquay to Aberaeron
Cobbles and pebbles with mixed red seaweeds and Pomatoceros
Infralittoral coarse sediment

Cardigan Bay 38 Offshore, west of Newquay
Mixed sediment with Alcyonium digitatum

Cobbles and pebbles with Pomatoceros and occasional seaweeds

NE offshore of Ynys Lochtyn (Aberporth)
"Muddy gravel with occasional small boulders, Goneplaxûrhomboides and Alcyonium digitatum."
Gravel, coarse sand and cobbles in mud with occasional boulders with Alcyonium digitatum. There were patches of deeper mud which had Goneplax rhomboides burrows. The epifauna also included Metridium senile, Antedon bifida, Flustra foliacea and hydroids.
Flustra foliacea and Hydrallmania falcata on tide-swept circalittoral mixed sediment

Consolidated gravel in mud with Pomatocerous triqueter andûsparse hydroids.
Consolidated gravel in mud with Pomatoceros triqueter and sparse hydroids. (video no.2 29.01.97)
Pomatoceros triqueter with barnacles and bryozoan crusts on unstable circalittoral cobbles and pebbles

Circalittoral large boulders, gravel and sand at 13m bsl. with Flustra and Nemertesia.

Circalittoral rubble, cobbles and pebbles at 22m bsl. with Hydroid turf and Alcyonium.

Abundant mixed seaweeds on coarse sediment
Kelp and seaweed communities on sublittoral sediment

Level seabed of mixed sediments in upper circalittoral (9-10m bcd) with sparse red algae.
Level seabed of assorted small boulders, cobbles, pebbles and gravel, all with a covering of silt. Smaller sized sediments with little life attached, though larger cobbles and small boulders with a covering of bushy bryozoans, sponges and hydroids. Occas

Lower circalittoral mixed sediments at 23m depth (bcd)
Level seabed of mixed ground consisting of small boulders, cobbles, pebbles, gravel and coarse sand. Very little silt apparent. Conspicuous organisms included Alcyonium digitatum, Metridium senile, Nemertesia antennina and Necora puber. Noticeably clear

Circalittoral boulders and gravel at 25m bsl. with Flustra and Alcyonium.

Cardigan Bay Area A
Mixed sediment with hydroid/bryozoan turf on cobbles
Cerianthus lloydii with Nemertesia spp. and other hydroids in circalittoral muddy mixed sediment

Cardigan Bay Area A
Mixed sediment with hydroid/bryozoan turf on cobbles

Mixed sediment with Alcyonium digitatum

W Tresaith (Aberporth)
"Pebbles, sand and boulders with Sabellaria alveolata andûoccasional Fucus spiralis."
Flat pebbles on sand below the bedrock outcrops, in some places extending right up to the cliff base, and isolated boulders near low water. Base of bedrock outcrops where they meet the sediment also included. Mobile pebbles were mostly barren while the b

Off Ynys Lochtyn
Flusta foliacea & sparse hydroid-bryozoan turf on cobbles sitting in mixed sediment
Cobbles and pebbles sitting in a matrix of muddy, gravelly sediment burrowed by Goneplax rhomboides and Rissoides desmaresti. Stones with Alcyonium digitatum, Flustra foliacea, Bowerbankia citrina and a fine but sparse turf of other bryozoans, hydroids a

Circalittoral coarse sand and cobbles at 19m bsl. with Nemertesia.

Circalittoral gravel, pebbles and cobbles at 17m bsl. with Porifera and anemones.

Circalittoral sand with ripples and boulders at 13m bsl. with Hydroids.

Circalittoral coarse sand and rock at 21m bsl. with Anemones.

Circalittoral coarse sand with rpples and cobbles.
Circalittoral coarse sand with ripples and cobbles.

Circalittoral coarse sand, ripples and cobbles at 23m bsl. with N. antennina and anemones.
Circalittoral coarse sand, ripples and cobbles at 23m bsl. with Nemertesia antennina and anemones.

Circalittoral mixed sediment with hydroids and bryozoans

Sand with frequent cobbles with Metridium senile
Sublittoral sands and muddy sands

C24 - 2.2 km W of Cemaes Head
Circalittoral muddy mixed substrata at 26m bsl with Molgula, bryozoan and sponge turf
Poorly sorted muddy sediment with cobble, pebble, gravel and intermittent small boulders with a conspicuous turf of Molgula manhattensis, various sponges and bryozoans. Dense Cerianthus lloydii anemones in places and sparse conspicuous Pentapora foliacea
Molgula manhattensis with a hydroid and bryozoan turf on tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock

Circalittoral gravel and pebbles at 17m bsl. with Hydroid turf and anemones.

Mixed sediment with Alcyonium digitatum and occasional Ophiothrix fragilis

Ophiothrix fragilis on mixed sediment
Ophiothrix fragilis and/or Ophiocomina nigra brittlestar beds on sublittoral mixed sediment

Muddy sediment with cobbles and pebbles

NNW New Quay Head (New Quay)
Lower circalittoral pebbles on sediment with Sertularia argentea, Turritella communis and Hydrallmania falcata. Incomplete survey record.
Sertularia cupressina and Hydrallmania falcata on tide-swept sublittoral sand with cobbles or pebbles.

Coronation Drive, Gwbert (Cardigan)
Lower estuary lower shore gravel and pebbles with Fucusûceranoides.
Lower estuary low shore gravel and pebbles on coarse sand with dense ephemeral algae Ulva sp. and Enteromorpha sp. and Fucus ceranoides. Very dense gammarids and polychaetes (Nephtys hombergii) under the stones.
Fucus ceranoides on reduced salinity eulittoral rock

Gravel and sand matrix with embedded cobbles mainly supportingûPomatocerous triqueter and hydroids
Gravel and sand matrix with embedded cobbles. Epifauna consisting mainly of Pomatoceros triqueter and hydroids.
Pomatoceros triqueter with barnacles and bryozoan crusts on unstable circalittoral cobbles and pebbles

Consolidated gravel and pebbles in a muddy matrix withûPomatocerous triqueter and sparse hydroids.
Consolidated gravel and pebbles in a muddy matrix with Pomatocerous triqueter and sparse hydroids.

Lower circalittoral mixed silty sediments with anemones, hydroids and bryozoans
Level seabed of cobbles, pebbles, gravel and mud/silt at 22.2m bsl in the lower circalittoral. Conspicuous species included Alcyonium digitatum, Flustra foliacea, Metridium senile, Cerianthus lloydii and Urticina felina. Cobbles and larger pebbles were c

G2-CG3 Off Newquay Head
Burrowed mud with sparse cobbles and boulders
Sparse cobbles and boulders supporting sparse hydroids (Nemertesia, Abietinaria, Tubularia) and bryozoans (Flustra, Alcyonidium, Cellepora pumicosa) sitting on a matrix of muddy gravel with burrows and tubes. Main burrowing species seen: Goneplax rhomboi

Muddy mixed sediment with hydroid and bryozoan turf
Muddy mixed sediment with hydroid and bryozoan turf. Very silty making visibility poor

Coarse sediment with Pomatoceros

Rippled sand with pebbles and cobbles and some conspicuous fauna